Safe ways to thaw a turkey (USDA)
- Refrigerator (best): allow about 24 hours for every 4–5 lb at 40°F or below. A thawed turkey keeps 1–2 days in the fridge.
- Cold water: about 30 minutes per pound. Keep it in a leak-proof bag, breast-side down, and change the water every 30 minutes. Cook right away.
- Microwave: follow the oven maker’s guide and cook immediately.
Never thaw on the counter. The outside can sit in the “danger zone” (40–140°F) where bacteria multiply quickly. Forgot to thaw? You can cook a turkey from frozen — it takes about 50% longer.
| Weight | Fridge thaw | Cold water | Roast at 325°F (unstuffed) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8–12 lb | 2–3 days | 4–6 hours | 2¾–3 hours |
| 12–16 lb | 3–4 days | 6–8 hours | 3–4 hours |
| 16–20 lb | 4–5 days | 8–10 hours | 3¾–4½ hours |
| 20–24 lb | 5–6 days | 10–12 hours | 4½–5 hours |
Not sure what size to buy? Use the turkey size calculator.
Sources & review
Checked against these sources on November 10, 2026. Rules and rates can change — always confirm with the official source.
Turkey Thawing Calculator FAQs
When is Thanksgiving 2026?
Thursday, November 26, 2026 in the United States.
Can I refreeze a thawed turkey?
A turkey thawed in the fridge can be refrozen, though quality may drop. Turkey thawed in cold water or the microwave should be cooked first.
Does the calculator use 4 or 5 lb per day?
It uses the more cautious 4 lb per day, so you are not left with a frozen bird.